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Che sia influenza dei polli, dei maiali o degli umani, la risposta de La Leche League è sempre la stessa. Non solo va benissimo allattare il propri bambini anche se si è influenzate, ma allattando si aumentano i benefici che loro ne possono trarre.

Molti germi non si trasmettono attraverso il latte; questa forma di influenza è comparsa di recente, tuttavia sappiamo dai casi di influenze passate che la trasmissione virale è estremamente rara e che i bambini che entrano in contatto con il virus dell�influenza e sono allattati si ammalano meno spesso e generalmente in forma più lieve di quelli non allattati. Una delle innumerevoli meraviglie del latte umano è che mentre il corpo della madre crea gli anticorpi per combattere la malattia, gli stessi anticorpi passano direttamente nel latte, proteggendo i figli e diminuendo la forza del contagio. Il latte materno, oltre a produrre anticorpi specifici per numerose malattie virali, ne offre anche per le infezioni batteriche che costituiscono le tipiche complicazioni dell�influenza, ad esempio la polmonite e la diarrea.

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Regolamento della commissione europea sui claims, fa seguito ad alcuni pareri tecnici dati dall'EFSA in seguito alle richieste delle ditte.

Si consiglia di porre l'attenzione alle decisioni e alla lista dei claims accettati (allegato 1) e respinti (allegato 2).

Tra questi ultimi, tutti i claims per i DHA/ARA nei latti di proseguimento e crescita ed eventuali altri prodotti che li contengono (non per i latti 1 per i quali i claims erano già proibiti dal 141/06): entro 6 mesi devono sparire!!

 

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OBIETTIVI DELLA SAM 2009
- Attirare l’attenzione sul ruolo vitale che l’allattamento al seno
gioca nelle emergenze in tutto il mondo
-Sottolineare la necessità di una protezione e di un sostegno
attivo dell’allattamento materno prima e durante i momenti di
crisi
- Informare le mamme, i sostenitori dell’allattamento, le comunità, gli operatori sanitari, i governi, gli enti assistenziali, i volontari ed i mass-media su come possano attivamente sostenere l’allattamento prima e durante un’emergenza.
- Mobilitarsi e creare una rete di collaborazione fra chi ha
particolari competenze nel campo dell’allattamento e i soggetti
coinvolti nelle risposte all’emergenza
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Il consulente professionale in alaltatmento materno è una nuova figura di professionista sanitario specializzato nella gestione clinica dell’allattamento al seno.
Sul sito è possibile trovare
- calendario eventi formativi
- video
-articoli
-linee guida
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Adoptive breastfeeding is possible with good planning and preparation, and more and more frequently, mothers planning on infant adoption are considering this option as a way to promote attachment. This is a highly personal issue, and not without controversy.

The links below will provide you with a wealth of information for yourself, your group's members, your agency's clients on the Internet. This is all supportive of adoptive nursing as decisions are made in the best interests of children at the center of every adoption.
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I bambini con sindrome di Down sono a più alto rischio per alcuni problemi di salute quali infezioni, patologie
autoimmuni ed obesità, che rappresentano frequenti cause di ospedalizzazione e hanno effetti negativi sulla
loro qualità di vita. E’ ben noto il ruolo protettivo del latte materno nei confronti di tali patologie, anche se
nella letteratura scientifica esistono pochissimi studi scientifici controllati (RCT) sull’allattamento materno nel
bambino Down. In ogni caso l’esperienza dell’allattamento naturale è un diritto che deve essere garantito,
nei limiti del possibile, ed è più possibile di quanto ancora non si creda.
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- articoli di specialisti in allattamento
- link di siti relativi all'allattamento
- esperienze di allattamento

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Il sito è strutturato in una sezione dedicata agli operatori (lavori scientifici, novità editoriali, Medline, documenti, percentili, allattamento e farmaci) ed una ai genitori (notizie dal mondo, disegno di legge, guida utile per le famiglie, percentili per i genitori, ambulatorio dei genitori, documento del CDC).



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Sito dedicato all'allattamento materno aggiornato periodicamente (ultimo aggiornamento 25/04/2009 ) con elenco di Consulenti Professionali in Allattamento Materno (IBCLC), consulenza online e via email, articoli, links e libri finalizzati alla pratica dell’allattamento materno.

Il servizio di consulenza gratuita online permette alle mamme di trovare risposta ai propri quesiti tramite la consultazione di una lista di FAQ (domande frequenti), suddivise per gli argomenti che più hanno interessato le madri che hanno scritto dal Giugno 2001, ovvero da quando è nato questo sito.

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documento della leche league sull'allattamento dei bambini prematuri
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documento dell'Ospedale Bambin Gesù sull'allattamento di gemelli
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Speciale del ministero del lavoro, salute e politiche sociali sull'allattamento al seno
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Those counseling Latina mothers about infant feeding should discourage and/or limit early supplementation with formula, discuss the myth of “best of both,” understand the fatalism
involved in problem-solving breastfeeding issues, and enlist the altruism embedded in the family unit for support of the mother–infant pair.
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Contrary to this hypothesis, human milk feeding did not confer a “protection”
on regurgitations in these young neonates.
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Time to the first milk ejection and number of milk ejections
were the same when determined by ultrasound or flow rates. This direct relationship between increases in duct diameter and acute increases in milk flow rates suggests that changes in flow rates can be used to identify milk ejection in the absence of ultrasound data.
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It illustrates the importance of continuity of
care and close postpartum follow-up for early
detection of breastfeeding failure. Obstetricians
should alert pediatricians to complications of
labor and delivery such as maternal hypotension,
postpartum hemorrhage, or placental difficulties,
which are known to interfere with successful
maternal lactation.
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With limited sun exposure, an intake of 400 IU/day vitamin D3 did not sustain circulating maternal 25(OH)D levels, and thus, supplied only extremely limited amounts of vitamin D to the nursing infant via breast milk. Infant levels achieved exclusively through maternal supplementation were equivalent to levels in infants who received oral vitamin D supplementation. Thus, a maternal intake of 6400 IU/day vitamin D elevated circulating
25(OH)D in both mother and nursing infant.
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Moderate dosages of hydrocodone appear acceptable during breastfeeding, but more data are needed to determine the maximum safe dosage for nursing mothers. Neonates and preterm infants may be more susceptible than older infants to adverse effects of hydrocodone and its
metabolites in breast milk
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Use of the mother’s maximum comfortable vacuum enhances milk flow rate and milk yield. The cream content of the milk at the end of the expression period was an indicator of how effectively the breast had been drained.
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Based on our measurements of extracellular and intracellular ROS, milk supplemented with fresh ML does not induce significant oxidative stress. However, when stored for 4 hours at room temperature, ML induces significant levels of oxidative stress. Decreases in TEER and increases in apoptosis and IL-6 secretion are consistent with ML-induced oxidative stress. It therefore is likely that in clinical situations, if ML-supplemented milk is not
administered quickly, the newborn may be placed at greater risk of oxidative stress.
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These methods have included measuring breast volume using a computerized breast measurement system, measuring milk macro- and micro-components on small volumes of breast milk, bioluminescent metabolomic assays, and
ultrasound analysis of breast function.
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In one study in Botswana, breast-fed babies contracted HIV at a slightly higher rate than those fed with formula, but formula-fed babies were more likely to die. By the time the children in the study reached 18 months, similar numbers from both groups were alive and free of HIV.
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the research is directed toward understanding the control of synthesis, secretion, and removal of milk in women with the aim of
developing clinical protocols for the assessment of the normal and abnormal function of the lactating breast.
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Breastmilk from women who have delivered preterm has antibacterial activity that can be affected by the addition of bovine-based fortifier, but not by the addition of a human breastmilk-based fortifier
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U.S. mothers are likely to choose the same feeding method for each of their children, independent of the number of children they have. Breastfeeding promotion must take into consideration previous infant feeding experiences, if any.
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Breast milk–mediated transfer of an antigen to
the neonate resulted in oral tolerance induction leading to
antigen-specific protection from allergic airway disease. This
study may pave the way for the design of new strategies to
prevent the development of allergic diseases
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Abraham Jacobi, the father of pediatrics, understood this
well. In 1904 he declared, “It is not enough,
however, to work at the individual bedside in
the hospital . . . (the pediatrician) is a legitimate
advisor to the judge and jury, and a seat for the
physician on the councils of the republic is
what the people have a right to demand.” As
physicians, we must counsel in support of a national
policy of paid maternity leave.
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Circadian variations in CMT are consistent during the first 7 weeks of lactation. The authors speculate that if higher caloric content expressed human milk is needed in a specific preterm infant, evening samples should be used preferentially, if available.
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These findings suggest that differences in the milk output from the right and left breasts are common, and that milk output is often greater from the right breast. The differences
appear early in lactation, are not related to total milk output, and are relatively consistent throughout the day and over the first weeks of lactation.
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Suggestions are made for improving access and knowledge of banked donor human milk, a valuable public health resource
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The creamatocrit (CRCT), a simple, accurate, and inexpensive technique for the estimation of lipid and caloric content in mothers’ milk, has been used extensively in lactation research, but has not been integrated into the routine management of clinical lactation problems such as slow weight gain in mothers’ milk-fed preterm and term infants.

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Mothers of infants with a diagnosis of colic were less likely to report breastfeeding as effective method of infant comforting (p
0.03). In adjusted analyses the authors found that a diagnosis of colic predicted shorter full breastfeeding duration (HR
2.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.2; p
0.001) but not exclusive or partial duration.
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Systolic and diastolic blood pressures fall during a breastfeeding session, and pre-breastfeeding blood pressure decreases during at least the first 6 months of a breastfeeding period in a
homelike environment.
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Iron deficiency is a function of early cord clamping
and not iron obtained from early diet. They further
state that for an exclusively breastfed, fullterm,
normal birthweight infant with delayed umbilical cord clamping, whose mother has adequate iron status during pregnancy, the iron
provided from stores and breast milk is sufficient for at least 6 months.
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Other components of the immune system in
human milk and their fate and functions in the developing infant may well be discovered in
the near future.
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The learning experience was positively evaluated by the participants and contributed to increase their knowledge and skills in breastfeeding issues. We think it is a good method for training future pediatricians on breastfeeding management. In addition, the instrument may contribute to improve lactation knowledge among pediatricians.
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A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common
medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding
mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care.
Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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Empirical data obtained from the study will be used for student projects, to stimulate new breastfeeding support policies and
programs, and to apply for research grants. Undergraduate students in developing countries in Central and Eastern Europe are a valuable, untapped resource for expanding MCH capacity.
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A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols
serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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In the battle to eradicate poverty, one small step would be to ensure that every newborn is breastfed. This would provide the best nutrition, the greatest infection protection, the most illness prevention, and the greatest food security and psychological protection for the infant
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This institutional-level evaluation corroborates previous findings demonstrating that increased implementation of the Ten Steps is associated with increased breastfeeding. Further, it suggests that hospitals with comprehensive breastfeeding policies are likely to have better breastfeeding support services and better breastfeeding outcomes. Hospitals may consider using these results to prioritize breastfeeding support services through development of hospital breastfeeding policies and to utilize institutional surveys as a component of breastfeeding quality improvement initiatives.
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A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols
serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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Antenatal breast feeding education and
postnatal lactation support, as single interventions based
in hospital both significantly improve rates of exclusive
breast feeding up to six months after delivery. Postnatal
support was marginally more effective than antenatal
education.
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Training hospital nursery staff in breastfeeding guidance is a potential, costeffective intervention even in settings with relatively high rates of breastfeeding.
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The ultimate success of breastfeeding is measured in part by both the duration of breastfeeding and the exclusivity of breastfeeding. Anticipatory attention to the needs of the mother and baby at the time of discharge from the hospital is crucial to ensure successful, long-term breastfeeding. The following principles and practices are recommended for consideration prior to sending a mother and her full-term infant home.
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Il legame di attaccamento madre-bambino si instaura sin dalla nascita per l’azione congiunta di ormoni e neuromediatori, fra cui il più importante è l’ossitocina (OT), ormone ipotalamico che sovrintende alla conservazione della specie. L’OT agisce in
antagonismo con l’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene che è invece responsabile della conservazione dell’individuo (reazioni di attacco e fuga). L’OT è implicata negli aspetti fisiologici e comportamentali indotti dalle relazioni sociali in un contesto generale, ma soprattutto è implicata nella fisiologia dell’accoppiamento, del parto e dell’allattamento,dei quali contestualmente governa i correlati aspetti comportamentali: il
legame di coppia e il legame di attaccamento madre-bambino. Le cure prossimali tramite l’azione dell’OT promuovono il legame madre-bambino. Interventi che ne riducano l’azione (come l’analgesia epidurale al parto, il ritardo nell’inizio dell’allattamento
al seno, la forzata separazione di madre e bambino in ospedale e a casa) sono sconsigliabili in quanto non sostengono la genitorialità e pregiudicano la formazione di un saldo legame di attaccamento, che è alla base del benessere psico-fisico e sociale
del bambino.
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Negli ultimi anni, si sono osservati progressi considerevoli nella comprensione scientifica dei benefici dell’allattamento al seno, dei meccanismi alla base di tali benefici e della gestione clinica dell’allattamento al seno. Vi sono riassunti i benefici dell’allattamento al seno per il lattante, la madre e la comunità e sono presentate le raccomandazioni per guidare i pediatri e altri operatori sanitari nell’assistenza alle madri per l’avvio e il mantenimento dell’allattamento al seno di lattanti sani a termine e di lattanti ad alto rischio.
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Le linee guida presentate in queste pagine sono basate in
massima parte sul documento “Breastfeeding and the use of
Human Milk” dell ’Amer ican Academy of Pediatrics, elaborato
nel dicembre 1997, e – in minor misura - sul documento OMS
“Evidence for the ten steps to successful breastfeeding” del 1998, che rispettano tutti i requisiti che caratterizzano una linea guida di elevato livello qualitativo.
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PROPOSTA CONDIVISA DALLA RETE ITALIANA DEI BABY FRIENDLY HOSPITAL
Firenze 15.06.07

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Esperienza di allattamento di 4 gemelli

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A substantial percentage of breastfeeding women consumed alcohol. Their infants
may or may not have been exposed, as some women may have used alcohol avoidance
strategies. Nationally representative data are needed on alcohol consumption and infant feeding
practices among breastfeeding women.
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Breastfeeding promotion needs to focus on the health advantages and other advantages
of breastfeeding for 6 months, especially in high-risk groups, in order to increase
the intention to breastfeed, which appeared to be a strong predictor for actual behavior
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A clinical report of a woman who stated
her babies were allergic to her milk
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A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols
for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols
serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate
an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in
treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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There are a few studies on the consequence of the use of breastmilk substitutes during the
postpartum hospital stay on the duration of breastfeeding in the culturally diverse populations
of the United States.
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Women with chronic breast pain represent
great challenges to the lactation specialist. Evaluation
of chronic pain requires a careful history
and physical exam. In many cases where obvious
causes for pain such as nursing trauma and
vasospasm are not evident, infection should be
considered. Research is needed to develop
techniques to more reliably culture breastmilk,
and to correlate maternal symptoms and exam
findings with culture results and therapy outcomes.
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If available, breastfeeding or breastmilk should be used to alleviate pain in
neonates undergoing painful procedure compared to placebo, positioning, or no intervention.
Administration of glucose/sucrose had a similar effectiveness as breastfeeding for reducing
pain. The effectiveness of breastmilk for repeated painful procedures is not established, and
further research is needed.
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Specific data is needed about the use of intravenous fluid loading during labor, such as for epidural anesthesia, and its effects on infant birthweight, breast engorgement, milk supply, and neonatal weight loss in order to more appropriately assess early infant feeding and weight loss in these babies.
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Timely frenotomy and breastfeeding counseling is an effective intervention, improving latch and decreasing nipple pain.
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In the United States, concerns over the transmission of infectious diseases have led to donor human milk generally being subjected to pasteurization prior to distribution and use. The standard method used by North American milk banks is Holder pasteurization (63°C for 30 minutes). The authors undertook an experiment to validate the effects of a high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization process (72°C for 16 seconds) on the bioburden of human milk. It was concluded that HTST is effective in the elimination of bacteria as well as of certain important pathogenic viruses.
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As a result of concerns over the transmission of infectious diseases by donor milk, as well as the possible loss of nutritional value of donor milk through exposure to a variety of unvironmental conditions, the practice in the United States has been to discard unpasteurized donor milk that has thawed or sat for several hours at room temperature or in the refrigerator rather than (re)freezing it. We undertook an experiment to measure the effects of ambient temperature conditions and refreezing on the bioburden and nutritional content of human milk. We conclude that unpasteurized human milk is robust and can be used after storage under certain conditions.
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A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols
serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
Visualizza

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A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These
protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in
treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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This review considers the data on measuring CMV in breast milk, the recent clinical studies on CMV transmission via breast milk, reported methods of inactivation of CMV in breast milk, and immunologic factors that may play a role in transmission. CMV-IVIG treatment needs further evaluation but appears promising. Recommendations are made to help address the issue of CMV transmission to premature infants in clinical practice in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
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The results of this study support a relationship between ingestion of human milk oligosaccharides by sustained breastfeeding and putative protection of the infant from enteric and respiratory disease. Confirmation of these findings with a larger sample is warranted. These preliminary results further strengthen endorsement of breastfeeding by individual health care professionals, thereby increasing the acceptance and practice of sustained breastfeeding by mothers and their families.
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Group B streptococcus is currently the most common cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborns.
How should mothers whose breast milk cultures show growth of this microorganism
be managed regarding breastfeeding? This case study discusses the possible transfer of group
B streptococcus to a preterm infant from mother’s milk. It also describes the process that was
taken to preserve the breastfeeding experience while the infant was treated. The questions
provoked during this investigation prompted the authors to revise procedures in their special
care nursery for dealing with infants and mothers presenting with signs of infection. In
this case, providing treatment for the mother and infant and withholding breast milk from
the infant until cultures were negative, while supporting the mother’s milk supply, made it
possible for this mother to continue to breastfeed.
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Although an increasing severity of breast and systemic symptoms in mastitis was predictive of an increasing CRP in milk and blood, respectively, the presence of CRP in similar concentrations in the mastitis and asymptomatic breast suggests it is of little use in
making a differential diagnosis between infective verses noninfective forms of mastitis.
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The women in this study took more prescription and nonprescription medications while breastfeeding than they did during pregnancy. Many of the medications taken
have unknown safety for the breastfed infant. The results of this study should direct further research toward determining the safety of medications commonly used during lactation and to promote the labeling of these medications.
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There is an increased breast permeability, reduced milk synthesis, and increased concentration of the immune components sIgA and lactoferrin with increasing severity
of breast and systemic symptoms. The changes observed in milk composition during periods of increased breast permeability cannot be solely explained by the current theory of permeability of the paracellular pathway and further research in this area is required.
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Nutritional studies of human milk in pre-term infants provide a unique challenge in clinical research. In this paper we review the general tenets of good clinical design and analysis and
show how they might be properly applied in these situations. The recommendations are then compared with the approach used in a recent study by Shanler et al. It is concluded that future
trials should consider these key statistical design and analytical issues.
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A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols
serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may influence breastfeeding success. These
protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in
treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient
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Breastfeeding has been a strong practice for centuries with the custom being to continue until the child is 6 or 7 years of age.
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Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals
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Editoriale pubblicato sul New England Journal of Medicine del 12.03.2009 sul caso della contaminazione del latte in polvere con Melamina
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Editoriale pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE Volume 3, Number 2, 2008
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A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common
medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding
mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care.
Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE Volume 3, Number 2,2008
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One of the most common complaints of nursing mothers in a few days after delivery is insufficient
lactation. This is known to be partly due to the mothers’ deficient knowledge of proper breastfeeding and
often results in the beginning of bottlefeeding, which finally diminishes or ceases their breastfeeding. Considering
the valuable effects of breastfeeding on nutritional, immunologic, and emotional aspects of infants’ health,
we planned this study to find out whether training of nursing mothers for breastfeeding can enhance their lactation;
also, we tried to compare the effects of metoclopramide on lactation with those of training.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 3, Number 2,2008

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Previous studies have shown that giving other foods while breastfeeding increases the risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. The mechanism is speculated to be increased inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE, Volume 3,Number 2,2008
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Breastmilk chemokines have been associated with increased HIV-1 RNA levels in breastmilk and altered risk of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. To characterize CC and CXC chemokines in breastmilk postpartum, we collected breastmilk specimens at regular intervals for 6 months after delivery from women with and without HIV-1 infection and used commercial ELISA kits to measure breastmilk concentrations of MIP-1, MIP-1, RANTES, and SDF-1. Among 54 HIV-1-infected and 26 uninfected women, mean chemokine levels were compared cross-sectionally and longitudinally at days 5 and 10, and months 1 and 3 postpartum.
For both HIV-1-infected and uninfected women, breastmilk chemokine levels were highest at day 5 for MIP-1, MIP-1, and SDF-1, and subsequently decreased. RANTES levels remained constant over the follow-up period among HIV-1-uninfected women, and increased moderately among HIV-1-infected women.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE, Volume 2,Number 3,2007

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Poverty has not been eradicated by many national and international projects designed to solve the problem. Sometimes
large problems are best solved one person at a time. Breastfeeding can be an instrument of change, breastfeeding is good for both the mother and the infant, and is capable of changing the lives of both.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 2, Number 4,2007
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The objective was to evaluate implementation of the WHO/UNICEF “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” as defined by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in eight maternity
hospitals in the Moscow region. Four maternity hospitals had been certified Baby-Friendly Hospitals, the experimental group; and four maternity hospitals Not-as-Yet Baby Friendly, the control group.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 1, Number 2,2006
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To determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women at 3 months postpartum

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE Volume 2, Number 3,2007



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Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months postpartum is promoted internationally as the preferred method of feeding infants. Infants of parents with a history of asthma in particular could benefit from a longer period (6 months) of breastfeeding, because this may reduce the chance of developing an allergic disease. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial behavioral determinants of the intended duration and actual initiation of breastfeeding in families with a predisposition to asthma.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE Volume 1, Number 4,2006

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A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols
serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE, Volume 3,Number 1,2008

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There are a few studies on the consequence of the use of breastmilk substitutes during the postpartum hospital stay on the duration of breastfeeding in the culturally diverse populations
of the United States. The main purpose of this study was to identify the association between the in-hospital feeding pattern and the infant’s postdischarge feeding modality during the first month of life in a culturally diverse population of women. Demographic, clinical, and feeding practice data was colleted from the medical charts and interviews of mothers conducted in the first month after singleton delivery of healthy term newborns.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 2, Number 2,2007
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Evidence supports the WHO recommendation to introduce complementary foods at 6 months: extensive evidence
on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding for the healthy infant quoting many studies and reviews. The benefits include continued protection against infections, enhancement of motor development, and ideal infant growth. Benefits to the mother include prolonged lactational amenorrhea and acceleration of maternal weight loss.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 1, Number 4,2006
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Despite the higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in blacks, the vitamin D status of black preterm infants remains unknown. In addition, with the combination of parenteral and enteral nutritional support that preterm infants receive, the effect of vitamin D–deficient breast milk on vitamin D status is unknown.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 1, Number 3,2006
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The objective of this study was to describe the opinion of a group of postpartum women about compliance with the Ten Steps in a hospital with the intention to be certified as a Baby Friendly Hospital.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 2, Number 1,2007



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National and international authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for an infant’s first 6 months. Effects of these recommendations on iron status of U.S. children are unknown.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 2, Number 2,2007



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Healthy, full-term infants are programmed to make the transition from their intrauterine constant flow of nutrients to their extrauterine intermittent nutrient intake without the need for
metabolic monitoring or interference with the natural breastfeeding process. Homeostatic mechanisms ensure adequate energy substrate is provided to the brain and other organs, even when feedings are delayed.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 1, Number 4,2006

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Breastfeeding among methadone-maintained women is frequently challenged because of unclear guidelines regarding this practice. Previous research has confirmed that concentrations
of methadone in breastmilk in the neonatal period are low. Currently unknown are the concentrations of methadone in breastmilk among women who breastfeed for longer periods of
time. The purpose of this research is to examine concentrations of methadone in the plasma and breastmilk of women who breastfeed their infants beyond the neonatal period. Four
methadone-maintained women provided blood and breastmilk samples up to 6 months post partum. The concentrations of methadone in blood and breastmilk were low, contributing to
the recommendation of breastfeeding for some methadone-maintained women.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 3, Number 1,2008
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National and international authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for an infant’s first 6 months. Effects of these recommendations on iron status of U.S. children are unknown.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 2, Number 2,2007

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The paradigm is shifted to give mothers the supplement (6400 IU/day) compared with mothers receiving standard 400 IU/day vitamin D3. This preliminary study suggests that large doses of vitamin D3 can be given safely to mothers and that it will significantly increase the vitamin D levels in their milk. This is in contrast to the view long held sacred that increases in maternal dietary intake of vitamin D will not change the levels in milk, which were believed to be dependent solely on sun exposure.

Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 1, Number 2,2006

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Exclusive breastfeeding (breastmilk as the only source of milk) of twins and even triplets is well known. This is a report of “exclusive” breastfeeding for 1 year of quadruplets. Pubblicato su BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE,Volume 2, Number 2,2007

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Commenti
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Modifiche delle definizioni degli alimenti per lattanti e degli
alimenti di proseguimentolla in seguito alle discussioni in sedi internazionali per quanto concerne il momento di introduzione di alimenti complementari nella dieta dei lattanti.

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Ridiscutere e riadattare le scelte e gli “aggiustamenti personali” della famiglia, senza esprimere giudizi di valore, aiuta anche in questo ambito di intervento a costruire la relazione, aspetto cruciale per perseguire obiettivi condivisi e possibili, e per mobilitare le risorse e le capacità di risposta della famiglia.
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Lasciare che il bambino si svezzi da solo durante i pasti dei genitori, chiedendo e ottenendo piccoli assaggi di tutte le portate. In questo modo, senza forzature, si adeguerà insensibilmente alla dieta e agli orari della famiglia. In realtà non facciamo altro che anticipare, senza alcun pericolo, quello che inevitabilmente avverrebbe comunque dopo; il bambino mangerà, prima o poi, nel bene e nel male, quello che si mangia in famiglia, e con quelle abitudini alimentari passerà attraverso l’adolescenza e la vita adulta. Per questo è importante che i genitori diano, da sempre, il buon esempio con una corretta alimentazione: infatti fare “due cucine” per salvaguardare il bambino, mantenendo cattive abitudini per i grandi non servirà ad evitargli, una volta cresciuto, di fare gli errori e correre i rischi dei suoi genitori
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Sono decine di migliaia i bambini colpiti, migliaia probabilmente quelli colpiti in modo grave, quattro finora i morti notificati. Ma
potrebbero essere di più: qualche decina? Sono tanti, ma sono molto meno dei bambini che si ammalano e muoiono perché non sono allattati al seno e sono quindi alimentati con latte artificiale “sano”, non contaminato da melamina o da altre sostanze chimiche o da batteri come l’Enterobacter sakazakii o la Salmonella kedougou (latti artificiali della ditta Sanutri confiscati in Spagna nell’Agosto 2008 dopo aver infettato una trentina di bambini).
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La valutazione riguardo alla compatibilità dell’assunzione di un farmaco durante l’allattamento si basa sia sulle variabilità farmacocinetiche e farmacodinamiche della molecola stessa sia sui
dati epidemiologici pubblicati in letteratura.
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L’allattamento al seno nell’Islam possiede un fondamento religioso e si raccomanda che le madri allattino i propri figli per due anni, se possibile. Il divezzamento dal seno materno prima di tale periodo è consentito se viene deciso reciprocamente da entrambi i genitori. Il padre del bambino è obbligato a sostenere la propria moglie in ogni circostanza che possa interessare l’allattamento al seno e, in caso di divorzio a fornire protezione e sostegno economico alla coppia madre/bambino finchè continua
l’allattamento al seno. Dimostrando comprensione e rispetto delle credenze Islamiche che riguardano l’alimentazione infantile, i clinici possono essere di aiuto nel sostenere gli inizi di una alimentazione salutare dei bambini Musulmani.
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I nati prematuri e gli esposti a formulazioni di latte contaminate con melamina sono stati associati a sviluppo di calcoli urinari. I bambini interessati non avevano i segni e i sintomi tipici dell’urolitiasi.
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Il Programma d’Azione per l’allattamento al seno in Europa è un progetto che mira ad aiutare le donne ad avere un atteggiamento positivo nei confronti dell’allattamento e ad aumentare il numero di quelle che scelgono di alimentare in questo modo i loro figli.
Il progetto ha identificato un certo numero di azioni che possono essere messe in pratica a livello nazionale e locale per promuovere, proteggere e sostenere l’allattamento al seno. Il Programma d’Azione che ne consegue è un modello che politici, amministratori ed operatori sanitari possono tradurre in piani operativi. Questo pieghevole ti offre una rapida carrellata sul Programma in modo che tu possa scoprire cosa si fa o non si fa nella tua regione.
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Raccomandazioni standard sulle pratiche ottimali di alimentazione del lattante e del bambino fino a tre anni messe a punto nell’ambito di EUNUTNET
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Breastfeeding groups and peer counselling must be integrated
into wider programmes
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Promotion of breastfeeding is an important child-survival intervention, yet little is known about which
promotional strategies are the most effective. We aimed to compare the effects on rates of breastfeeding of two
systems for promotion of breastfeeding in Brazil—a hospital-based system and the same system combined with a
programme of home visits.
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Le linee-guida cliniche devono essere basate sull'evidenza scientifica, coerenti, precise e culturalmente appropriate per incidere in modo efficace sull'inizio, la durata e l'esclusività dell'allattamento al seno. Come in tutti gli altri settori della sanità,
la gestione dell'allattamento al seno è un campo in evoluzione. Perciò le strategie di gestione presentate di seguito riflettono le conoscenze cliniche, formative e scientifiche attuali.
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This review examines the religious and cultural basis for the contemporary breastfeeding practices amongst the Hindu. Practices at the time of birth and feeding rituals like prelacteal feeds, importance and timing of complementary feeds, and protections for the breastfeeding mother are examined from the published medical literature and available religious texts.
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Breastfeeding has a religious basis in Islam and it is recommended that the mother suckle her offspring for 2 years if possible.
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Serial observations of the children’s growth parameters, and biochemical and hematological indices will help to explain the queries in relation to the effect of Ramadan on infant nutrition and growth.
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Because the Talmud explicitly focuses on the positive values of both breast milk and breastfeeding, it is understandable that Orthodox Jewish women have a deep religious cultural commitment to breastfeeding that is an integral part of their religious lifestyle. This positive religious dimension of breastfeeding is independent of any of acknowledged medical benefits per se.
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Breastfeeding presents clear short-term benefits for child health, mainly protection against morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. On the other hand, there is some controversy on the long-term consequences of breastfeeding. Whereas some studies reported that breastfed subjects present a higher level of school achievement and performance in intelligence tests, as well as lower blood pressure, lower total cholesterol and a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, others have failed to detect such associations.
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Breastfeeding presents clear short-term benefits for child health, mainly protection against morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. On the other hand, there is some controversy on the long-term consequences of breastfeeding. Whereas some studies reported that breastfed subjects present a higher level of school achievement and performance in intelligence tests, as well as lower blood pressure, lower total cholesterol and a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, others have failed to detect such associations.
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Servizio Sovrazonale di Epidemiologia (SEPI) - Regione Piemonte

Disuguaglianze di salute. Ridurre le disuguaglianze con azioni di contrasto sui determinanti sociali

Progetto CCM Muovinsieme: scuola e comunità in movimento.